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TITLE: Basic ESEM gas pressure stages
DATE: May, 2008
CREATOR: Gerry Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ESEM, differential pumping, beam transfer, specimen transfer, pressure limiting aperture
DESCRIPTION: Basic ESEM gas pressure stages with specimen chamber at pressure p0, stage 1 at p1, stage 2 at p2 , pressure limiting apertures PLA1 and PLA2, specimen transfer chamber (tr-ch), pump manifold, gas supply and electron beam transfer from gun to specimen
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
TITLE: Isodensity contours of gas through aperture
DATE: May, 2008
CREATOR: Gerry Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ESEM, pressure limiting aperture, PLA, gas flow, contours, differential pumping
DESCRIPTION: Isodensity contours at the values indicated on color bar for argon gas flow through 0.5 mm aperture ( PLA1) from specimen chamber at pressure p0=1000 Pa and room temperature 293 degrees Kelvin, into low pressure region of stage 1 held at pressure p1. Electron beam travels from vacuum region above along the axis against the supersonic gas jet formed< /FONT>
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
TITLE: ESEM gaseous detection device (GDD) - principle
DATE: May, 2008
CREATOR: Gerry Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ESEM, gaseous detection device, ESD, GSED, ionization, diffusion, avalanche
DESCRIPTION: Principle of gaseous detection device (GDD) used for detection and amplification of signals in ESEM. Secondary electrons SE from specimen are acted upon by electric field E between electrodes (cathode and anode) biased with voltage V. Electrons move towards the anode multiplying in an avalanche by collisions with gas, at high bias, while they diffuse laterally by thermal collisions
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
TITLE: Efficiency characteristics of gaseous detection device in ESEM
DATE: May, 2008
CREATOR: Gerry Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ESEM, detector efficiency, gaseous detection devise, GDD, ESD, GSED
DESCRIPTION: Efficiency characteristics of gaseous detection device used in ESEM with parallel electrodes at distance d, nitrogen gas at pressure p and fixed pd= 1 Pa-m. Curves give the fraction of secondary electrons within radius r of the anode biased at the corresponding voltage shown, versus r/d.< /FONT>
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
TITLE: Optimum BSE detectors in ESEM
DATE: May, 2008
CREATOR: Gerry Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ESEM, optimum BSE detectors, backscattered electrons, scintillating detectors
DESCRIPTION: Optimum geometry backscattered electron detectors in ESEM. Clear plastic light pipes coated with scintillating material, abutting the PLA1 aperture for maximum collection efficiency, while gas flows from specimen chamber at pressure p0, to intermediate stage out at p1. Electron beam passes through vacuum at p2 above final lens and PLA2 before it strikes the specimen
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
TITLE: Sydney ESEM prototype
DATE: May, 2008
CREATOR: Gerry Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ESEM, prototype, optimum BSE detectors, scintillating detectors, GDD, gaseous detection, differential pumping, transfer chamber
DESCRIPTION: Original ESEM prototype in Sydney: Electron optics column with differential pumping stage 1 and stage 2, specimen chamber, transfer chamber, two symmetrical backscattered electron detectors, gaseous detection device (GDD) electronics with multiple electrode wiring.
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
TITLE: Wool fibers in ESEM
DATE: 1986
CREATOR: Gerry Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ESEM, prototype, optimum BSE detectors, scintillating detectors, GDD, gaseous detection, color imaging, wool
DESCRIPTION: Wool fibers imaged in an ESEM by the use of two (A and B) symmetrical plastic scintillating backscattered electron detectors: Color was obtained by superimposing three images, namely, A+B, A-B and B-A through red, green and blue filters, resulting in sharp topographic contrast with illumination from the two detector directions. Field width=200 microns, 10 kV, 50 pA, 100 Pa pressure.
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
TITLE: Mineral in ESEM
DATE: 1986
CREATOR: Gerry Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ESEM, prototype, optimum BSE detectors, scintillating detectors, GDD, gaseous detection, mineral, color imaging
DESCRIPTION: Aluminium/iron/silicon mineral with other impurities and surface contaminants imaged in an ESEM by the use of two (A and B) symmetrical plastic scintillating backscattered electron detectors and the gaseous detector device (GDD): Color was obtained by superimposing three images, namely, A+B, A-B and GDD through red, green and blue filters, resulting in sharp topographic and material contrast. Field width=93 microns, 10 kV, 200 pA, 10 Pa pressure.
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
TITLE: Salt hydration in ESEM
DATE: 1986
CREATOR: Gerry Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ESEM, prototype, optimum BSE detectors, scintillating detectors, GDD, gaseous detection, salt hydration, color imaging
DESCRIPTION: Hydration of NaCl salt crystals on Teflon, as water vapor pressure rises, at room temperature, in an ESEM by the use of two symmetrical plastic scintillating backscattered electron detectors. Field width=300 microns, 10 kV.
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
TITLE: Gas jet in ESEM
DATE: 1987
CREATOR: Gerry Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ESEM, prototype, optimum BSE detectors, scintillating detectors, gas jet, gaseous detecion device, GDD
DESCRIPTION: ir gas jet through 100 micron aperture into ESEM chamber held at 200 Pa, image taken with gaseousdetection device, 15 kV.
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
TITLE: Resolution in ESEM
DATE: 1989
CREATOR: Gerry Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ESEM, prototype, optimum BSE detectors, scintillating detectors, resolution
DESCRIPTION: Resolution test specimen of gold particles on carbon in ESEM, at high magnification. Field width= 1.2 microns.
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
TITLE: Drying greasy wool fibers
DATE: 1985
CREATOR: Gerry Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ESEM, prototype, optimum BSE detectors, scintillating detectors, Drying greasy wool fibers
DESCRIPTION: Greasy wool fibers going from wet to dry in ESEM. Field width= 270microns, BSE, 10 kV.
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
TITLE: Live Leptospermum flavesces stem
DATE: 1980
CREATOR: Gerry Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ESEM, prototype, optimum BSE detectors, scintillating detectors, Leptospermum flavesces
DESCRIPTION: Live Leptospermum flavesces stem cells with water film on left, at room temperature: ESEM, BSE, 15 kV, 1870Pa of water vapor
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
CAPTION: Danilatos 2003-ERNST-ABBE award
DATE: 2003
CREATOR: Gerasimos Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: Danilatos ABBE AWARD, Environmnental Scanning Electron Microscope, ESEM
DESCRIPTION: The ERNST ABBE Memorial Award presented to Gerasimos Danilatos by the New York Microscopical Society in 2003 for developing the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM).
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
CAPTION: 'Electron microscope secrets may go overseas', THE AUSTRALIAN - 1982
DATE: 29 July 1982
CREATOR: Gerasimos Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: The Austrtalian on Danilatos, Environmnental Scanning Electron Microscope, ESEM
DESCRIPTION: An interview by THE AUSTRALIAN with Gerasimos Danilatos discussing the difficulties for advancing ESEM technology.
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
CAPTION: 'Project under microscope', THE AUSTRALIAN - 1991
DATE: Wednesday June 19 1991
CREATOR: Gerasimos Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: The Austrtalian on Danilatos, Environmnental Scanning Electron Microscope, ESEM
DESCRIPTION: An interview by THE AUSTRALIAN newspaper with the University of Queensland's Electron Microscope Centre and Gerasimos Danilatos discussing the successful outcome of manufacturing the ESEM technology
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
CAPTION: 'SEEING AIR' - MICROSCOPE Technology & News - 1990
DATE: December 1990
CREATOR: Gerasimos Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: MICROSCOPE Technology & News on Danilatos - 1990, Environmnental Scanning Electron Microscope, ESEM
DESCRIPTION: An interview with Danilatos by MICROSCOPE Technology & News, Volume 2, Number 12, December 1990
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
CAPTION: "Meet the father of the ESEM: Dr. G.D. Danilatos" ElectroScanner - 1989
DATE: Summer 1989
CREATOR: Gerasimos Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: ElectroScanner on Danilatos - 1989, Environmnental Scanning Electron Microscope, ESEM
DESCRIPTION: Danilatos featuring in the ElectroScanner - Newsletter of Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy by ElectroScan Corporation, Volume 1, Summer 1989
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
CAPTION: "SEM for imaging specimens in their natural state" American Laboratory - 1990
DATE: June 1990
CREATOR: Gerasimos Danilatos
SOURCE: ESEM Research, http://www.danilatos.com
KEY WORDS: American Laboratory on Danilatos - 1990, Environmnental Scanning Electron Microscope, ESEM
DESCRIPTION: Neil Baumgarten about Danilatos and ESEM in American Laboratory - 1990
LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
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